Fanlab › ChemistryChemistry: interactive experiments
87 chemistry experiments from grade 7 to university: Fundamentals of chemistry, Atomic structure and the periodic law, Chemical bonding, Chemical reactions…
Sections
Fundamentals of chemistry
Substances, mixtures, atomic-molecular theory, the mole
Atomic structure and the periodic law
Electron shells, isotopes, Mendeleev's table
Chemical bonding
Covalent, ionic and metallic bonding, molecular shape, crystals
Chemical reactions
Types, heat of reaction, rate and equilibrium
Solutions and electrolytes
Concentration, dissociation, pH, hydrolysis
Redox reactions and electrochemistry
Electron balance, galvanic cell, corrosion
Chemistry of the elements
Non-metals, metals and their compounds
Air: composition and pollution — Grade 7. What is in the air over Tashkent, why does fog thicken in winter, and why is rain acidic?Oxygen and ozone — Grade 7. Why does a glowing splint burst into flame in oxygen, and what does the ozone layer protect us from?Hydrogen — the lightest gas — Grade 7. How many times lighter than air is hydrogen, and why is it tested with a “pop” before being lit?Water: composition and properties — Grade 7. When we split water with a current, why do we get twice as much hydrogen as oxygen?Mineral resources — Grade 7. From which ore, and how, are Muruntau gold and Almalyk copper extracted?Lime and classes of compounds — Grade 8. How do quicklime and slaked lime on a wall turn back into limestone?Non-metals and halogens — Grade 8. Why does chlorine displace bromine, and why does iodine turn violet in petrol?Chlorine and hydrochloric acid — Grade 8. What disinfects swimming-pool water, and why does hydrogen chloride shoot up as a “fountain”?The oxygen group and sulfur — Grade 8. How is yellow sulfur obtained from natural gas in Muborak, and why is H₂S dangerous?Sulfuric acid and the contact process — Grade 8. How does the gas from copper smelting in Almalyk become sulfuric acid?Nitrogen, ammonia and nitric acid — Grade 8. How does nitrogen from the air become ammonia, saltpetre and fertiliser for cotton?Phosphorus and mineral fertilisers — Grade 8. What do the numbers “16-16-16” on a fertiliser bag mean, and how can a fertiliser be identified?Carbon and its compounds — Grade 9. Diamond and graphite are both carbon — so why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?Silicon and silicates — Grade 9. How are window glass, cement and solar panels made from sand?Making cast iron and steel — Grade 9. How is iron obtained from brown ore, and how does cast iron become steel?Metals and alloys — Grade 9. Why does an iron nail turn red in copper sulfate, and why is bronze harder than copper?Alkali metals and soda — Grade 9. Why is sodium stored in paraffin oil, and why is soda made from table salt and limestone?Aluminium and its compounds — Grade 9. Why does light aluminium not rust, yet dissolve in both acid and alkali?Copper, silver, gold and zinc — Grade 9. Why is copper sulfate blue, why is silver the best conductor, and how is gold melted?Chromium and manganese: coloured ions — Grade 9. Why can chromium compounds be yellow, orange, green and blue?Iron and its compounds — Grade 9. How do we tell Fe²⁺ from Fe³⁺, and what does the iron in our blood do?Patterns in s- and p-block elements — Year 1. Why does caesium explode in water, lithium fizz gently, and fluorine act as the strongest oxidising agent?d- and f-block elements: colour, redox — Year 1. Why does a single element, vanadium, show four colours, and why are Zr and Hf almost twins?Complex compounds and ligands — Year 1. Why does copper sulfate turn deep blue when ammonia is added, and how did Werner explain it?Chemical plant: reactors and workshops — Year 4. How much current does a tonne of chlorine need, and how is 99.7 % of SO₂ turned into SO₃?Organic chemistry
Hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, proteins, polymers
Chemistry in our body — Grade 7. Which elements is our body made of, and how much energy does a plate of plov provide?Organic chemistry: structure — Grade 10. Why does burnt sugar leave charcoal, and why does carbon form four bonds?Isomers and nomenclature — Grade 10. Butane and isobutane in a lighter have the same formula — so why are they different substances?Alkanes and cycloalkanes — Grade 10. Methane in a gas hob and propane in a cylinder belong to one family — so why is one a gas and the other a liquid?Alkenes and alkadienes — Grade 10. Why does ethene decolourise bromine water and ripen tomatoes?Polymers, rubber and fibres — Grade 10. How are a polyethylene bag, a tyre and a cotton fibre built, and where do they end up?Alkynes, benzene and styrene — Grade 10. What gas comes from calcium carbide and water, and why does it give a flame that melts metal?Natural gas, oil and coal — Grade 10. How are petrol, kerosene and fuel oil obtained from the same black crude oil?Alcohols and ethers — Grade 10. Why do ethanol and dimethyl ether have the same formula but boiling points differing by over 100 °C?Phenol, aldehydes and ketones — Grade 10. Which reaction turns a test tube into a mirror, and why can't acetone do it?Acids, esters and soap — Grade 10. How does vinegar plus alcohol give the smell of banana, and cottonseed oil give soap?Carbohydrates: glucose and starch — Grade 10. Why does bread turn blue when iodine is dropped on it, while cotton doesn't?Identifying organic substances — Grade 10. Six unlabelled test tubes: which reagent “gives away” which organic substance?Stereochemistry and conformations — Year 2. Two “mirror” molecules with the same formula: why does one heal and the other harm?Radical and electrophilic mechanisms — Year 3. Why does ethene add bromine at once, while methane reacts with chlorine only in light?SN1, SN2 and elimination — Year 3. Replace a single bromine: why do we sometimes get inversion, sometimes a racemate, sometimes an alkene?The aromatic ring and azo dyes — Year 3. How do the bright colours of Margilan atlas silk arise from the benzene ring?Carbonyl compounds and synthesis — Year 3. How are the smells of banana, cinnamon and vanilla synthesised in a flask?Heterocycles and DNA — Year 3. Why is pyridine a base while pyrrole hardly is — and what holds the DNA double helix together?Amino acids and proteins — Year 3. Why does casein curdle when acid is added to milk, turning it into yoghurt?Physics of macromolecules — Year 3. How is the chain in a cotton fibre coiled, and why is a polymer solution thick?Polymer synthesis and kinetics — Year 3. Why does adding more initiator make the polymer form faster, yet with shorter chains?Chemistry of polymer materials — Year 3. Why does a PVC pipe turn yellow in the sun, and how does sulfur turn tyre rubber into a real elastic material?Analytical and physical chemistry
Titration, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, kinetics, colloids
Thermochemistry and Gibbs energy — Year 1. Why does a cold pack get icy cold, and why does a lime kiln run at 900 °C?Electrochemical analysis — Year 1. How do we use an electric current to measure salt, fluoride and lead in water?Qualitative analysis and gravimetry — Year 2. Which ions are in an ore or mineral water, and how many milligrams of sulfate?Titrimetric analysis — Year 2. How can we tell, to the drop, how much soda is in technical caustic soda?Optical methods of analysis — Year 2. How do we measure iron and copper in river water from light absorption?Extraction and chromatography — Year 2. How is oil extracted from cottonseed, and how does a mixture separate into spots?Spectra: determining structure — Year 2. What is an unknown white powder? UV, IR, NMR and mass spectra can tellAlloys: phase diagrams — Year 2. Why does solder melt at a lower temperature than either tin or lead?Chemical kinetics and Arrhenius — Year 2. When does a medicine become unusable, and how can a test at 40 °C tell us?Catalysis and enzymes — Year 2. Potato, platinum or iron — which decomposes H₂O₂ fastest, and why?Colloids and adsorption — Year 2. Why do fine particles stick together and settle when aluminium sulfate is added to cloudy water?Computational chemistry and docking — Year 2. How is a new drug “tried out” on a computer before it is synthesised in a flask?